Days, Dates, Month, and Year

This is an easy part since there are only 7 days of the week. So what we are going to learn more in this section is about how to tell the date, days of the week, and the months of the year.

First, let me list down the days of the week.

Monday      - Lunes (lú.nis)
Tuesday      - Martes (mar.tis)
Wednesday - Miyerkoles (myer-ko-les)
Thursday    - Huwebes (hwe.bes)
Friday        - Biyernes (byer.nes)
Saturday    - Sabado (sa.ba.du)
Sunday      - Dominggo (do.miŋ.gu)

Example conversation:

What day is it today?
Unsa adlawa karon?

Today is Saturday.
Karon kay Sabado.

"karon" in this sense can mean today, now, and the present.
"adlaw" means day and the sun depending on which sentence you will use it with.
"unsa" means what.

Now when you want to ask the date of the day, the word to use is "petsa".

For example:

What is the date today?
Unsa ang petsa karon?

It is the 24th of June.
Ika bayente-kwatro sa Hunyo. 

It is June 24.

Hunyo bayente-kwatro.

"ika" is used to attach in the number. Like in English we add -st, -nd, -rd, -th for first, second, third, fourth, and so on. So for the numbering in Bisaya, you add the word ika to rank it up. While as you notice in the second sentence, there is no ika used as we did not use the rank version of the date.

This time, let us learn how to speak the months of the year in Bisaya.

January	Enero (e-ne-ro)
February	Pebrero (peb-re-ro)
March	Marso (mar-so)
April	Abril (ab-ril)
May	Mayo (ma-yu)
June	Hunyo (hun-yu)
July	Hulyo (hul-yu)
August	Agusto (a-gus-tu)
September	Sityembre (sit-yem-bre)
October	Oktobre (ok-tub-re)
November	Nobiyembre (no-byem-bre)
December	Diseyembre (dis-yem-bre)

Basically it almost pronounced the same with the Tagalog language in the country.

bulan is the word to use for month and moon.

Example conversation:

Next month, I will go to Cebu.
Sunod bulan, mo adto ako sa Sugbo. (City style: Sunod buwan, moadto ko sa Sugbo.)

When is your mom's birthday?
Kanus a ang adlaw natawhan sa imong mama? or Kanus a nataw imong mama? (Which literally translates to: When did your mom became a person?)

It was last month.
Sa ni-aging bulan man. (agi means passed by or in this sentence, the month that passed)

In the example conversation we learn the word, sunod, adto, Sugbo, & agi.

agi here is a verb which means pass similar to passing by, walking. It can be a noun which means penmanship. Let's say you want to say that someone's penmanship is nice, you would say, "Nindot imong agi." Which literally translate to "Your penmanship is nice."
sunod can mean follow or next.
Example:

I will follow you after this.
Human ani mo sunod ko nimo.

adto means go. In the example conversation there is the "mo" preceding the adto. This means "to" like the future tense of the word. It can be written as one word, moadto or two separate words, mo adto and still have the same meaning.

Sugbo is the Bisaya word for Cebu.

agi (a-gi) means pass or the past and here the word in the conversation is a past form which is ni-aging or niaging.

Reminded that the letter "G" is pronounced like the first letter of the word goat or the voice velar stop sound in all bisaya words with "g" but with "ng" it will be pronounced with ŋ or the voiced velar nasal sound.

Next part is the year. We use the word "tuig" which is pronounced as (tu-ig).

2017 is the year of the rooster.
2017 kay tuig sa sunoy/manok.

For a more elaborate sentence:
Ang tuig dosmildisisyete kay tuig sa sunoy o manok.

Since you already learned about the numbers last time, so it will not be difficult to read the year.

sunoy is the literal translation of rooster while manok is the general meaning of chicken whether male or female. For female chicken, we call them himungaan (hi-mu-nga-an) and the chick piso (pi.sû) which has a different pronunciation with the Philippine peso or piso in Bisaya.

For additional information, the bisaya word for week is semana and you can encounter this word with the Holy Week holiday which in Bisaya we call Semana Santa. Tomorrow is ugma (ug-mâ), yesterday is gahapon while the past is kagahapon.

More conversations:

Mateo	Finally it is the weekend!	Tapos na jud sa semana!
Pedro	I know, we had such a long week.	Lagi, taas kaayo atong semana ba.
Mateo	We can relax.	Makahugka na gayud kita.
Maria	It is my birthday tomorow.	Adlaw natawhan nako ugma.
Pablo	Are you going to have a party?	Maghikay ka?
Maria	Yes, but just enough for classmates and family relatives	Oo, pero ka-igo ra sa mga klasmeyt ug kapareyentehan.
Pablo	Oh. Am I invited?	Mao ba. Imbitado ko ana?
Anna	It's almost July. The year is ending so soon.	Hapit na Hulyo. Hinapos na sa tuig puhon.
Elsa	Don't think about it yet.	Ayaw usa na huna-hunaa.
Anna	Why?	Kay ngano man?
Elsa	Just do what you can do today.	Buhata usa ang imong mabuhat karon.
Maestra	There will be no class on Monday.	Walay klase inig ka Lunes.
Estudyante	Teacher, is it a holiday?	Halidi inig ka lunes mam?
Maestra	Yes, it is the day after the Sinulog Festival.	Oo, mao nay adlaw human sa pista sa Sinulog.
Tina	What is the date today?	Unsa ang petsa karon?
Monique	It is June 30.	Hunyo trayenta.
Tina	OMG. It is our exam tomorrow.	Hala! Eksam man nato ugma.
Monique	Did you not study?	Wala ka nagtuon?
Tina	I couldn't study.	Wala ko katuon.

For more questions, concerns, confusions, and others, feel free to comment below.

Numbers in Bisaya

In this modern society, people nowadays use the English version of words to say the amount, price, and everything related to numbers. But sometimes we want to know or we still prefer to use the Bisaya words especially when buying something or talking about someone or something.

Below is a script from Wikipedia about a part of the history of the language for your information.

Cebuano was first documented by Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian explorer who was part of Ferdinand Magellan's 1521 expedition.^[11] Spanish missionaries started to write in the language during the early 18th century, and as a result, Cebuano contains many words of Spanish origin.^{[citation needed]}

While there is evidence of a pre-Spanish writing system for the language, its use appears to have been sporadic. Spaniards recorded the Visayan script^[12] which was called Kudlit-kabadlit by the natives.^[13] The colonists erroneously called the ancient Filipino script "Tagalog letters", regardless of the language for which it was used. This script died out by the 17th century as it was replaced by the Latin alphabet.

The language was heavily influenced by the Spanish language during the period of colonialism from 1565 to 1898. With the arrival of Spanish colonials, for example, a Latin-based writing system was introduced alongside a number of Spanish loanwords.

First, let's start with the basics which is the numbers. Due to the colonization, we have used two formats in numbers which I will explain later when you will have to use them.

Below are the Bisaya numbers:

1	Usa		11	Napulo'g Usa		30	Katlo-an
2	Duha		12	Napulo'g Duha		40	Kap-atan
3	Tulo		13	Napulo'g Tulo		50	Kalim-an
4	Upat		14	Napulo'g Upat		60	Kan-uman
5	Lima		15	Napulo'g Lima		70	Kapito-an
6	Unom		16	Napulo'g Unom		80	Kawalo-an
7	Pito		17	Napulo'g Pito		90	Kasiyaman
8	Walo		18	Napulo'g Walo		100	Usa ka Gatos
9	Siyam		19	Napulo'g Siyam		1000	Usa ka Libo
10	Napulo		20	Kawhaan

The format for 21 to 29 is the same in 11 to 19 and 40 to 90 follows.

    Ex: Kawhaan ug Usa (21)

           Katlo-an ug Duha (32)

           Kap-atan ug Tulo (43)

In English, it will translate to "Twenty and One, Thirty and Two, Forty and Three".

"ug" in Bisaya always mean "and" in English.

It is also the same in Hundreds and Thousands, however we start the single number first like in one hundred, we say "Usa ka Gatos". Thus the format follows until the thousands.

    Ex: Lima ka Gatos (500)

          Unom ka Libo (6 000)

While the loan words from Spanish we have basically the same way we say it in Spanish but different in spelling, the local way (I guess?) You can see the list below:

1	Ono		11	Onse		30	Trayenta		400	Kwatrosyentos
2	Dos		12	Dose		40	Kwarenta		500	Kinyentos
3	Tres		13	Trese		50	Singkwenta		600	Saisentos
4	Kwatro		14	Katorse		60	Saisenta		700	Sitentos
5	Singko		15	Kinse		70	Sitenta		800	Otsentos
6	Sais		16	Disesais		80	Otsenta		900	Nubentos
7	Syete		17	Disesyete		90	Nubenta		1000	Sien Mil
8	Otso		18	Diseotso		100	Sinto		2000	Dos Mil
9	Nuybe		19	Disenuybe		200	Dosyentos		5000	Singko Mil
10	Diyes		20	Bayente		300	Tresyentos		10000	Dyes Mil

For those who wants to learn how to say bigger numbers, the format goes the same as the Bisaya one. The tens number will go first "10, 20, 30" and followed with the Mil which means thousand.

    Ex: Bayente Mil (20 000)

           Otsenta Mil (80 000)

Now, you would ask, which one should you use when you speak Bisaya? Well, the answer is both. 

The uses will be in the context below:

When you want to say the time:

We use the Spanish numbers.

Ex:

Bisaya: Alas nuybe dose na sa gabii karon.

English: It is 9:12 PM now.

Whenever we say time, we always start with the word "alas" in the sense of time which means "o'clock". So, if I will translate it in English by the way it is arranged: O'clock 9 12 already in evening now.

Also, the number "ono" is changed to "una" when we say the time. 

Bisaya: Init kaau basta ala una sa hapon.

English: It's really hot when it is 1:00 in the afternoon.

We also take the "-s" from the word "alas" since it precedes a word that starts with a vowel.

Another example:

Bisaya: Magsugod ang misa inig ka alas nuybe medya sa buntag.

English: The mass will start at 9:30 AM.

We use the word "medya"(pronounced as "medja") to represent "30" instead of saying "trayenta" although you can also use the latter. So basically, we just exchange which one we prefer to use, either "medya" or "trayenta".

For the pronunciation of twenty and thirty:

Bayente > bayn-te

Trayenta > trayn-ta

When you need to count the money:

We use Spanish numbers.

Just like any other places, we do not say the currency. 

Ex;

Bisaya: Tag dosyentes kini.

English: This is 200.

Numbers does not change in this aspect, it follows the rule of the list of numbers.

When you want to count the people in a group, or just counting people:

We use the Bisaya numbers.

Ex:

English: One, two, three,.... there are 6 people in this group.

Bisaya: Usa, duha, tulo.... anaa gayoy unom ka tawo aning grupoha.

The English translation will be: "One, two, three,... there really are six people in this group". Now, I am using the original Bisaya word in the sentence. There is a shortened way, but it will make you more confused, so learning the basics and original way is much better. 

So,"gayod" is the word to be used, but when it precedes a word that starts with a vowel, we changed the "-d" into "-y". It's like using "a" or "an" in English. 

Here are more examples:

Bisaya: Anaa gayod si Britney Spears sa Manila.

English: Britney Spears is really in Manila.

Bisaya: Mahadlok man ko kay anaa gayoy iro sa inyo.

English: I am scared because you have a dog.

When counting items, units, whether non-living or living things:

We use the Bisaya numbers.

Ex:

Bisaya: Anaa akoy walo ka iring.

English: I have eight cats.

Bisaya: Magpalit ko ug usa ka kilo nga mangga.

English: I will buy one kilo of mango.

Bisaya: Kinahanglan ko mo inom ug usa ka litro nga tubig kada adlaw.

English: I need to drink one liter of water everyday.

Bisaya: Anaa gayoy usa ka babaye nga mura ug gwapa.

English: There is one woman who feels pretty.

Additional information, when you are buying something and you want to divide or put it in one container.

Will have to use the Bisaya numbers, usa, duha tulo into usaha, duha-a, tulo-a, upata, lima-a, etc.

Ex:
Bisaya: Usaha lang ug selopin ang soft drinks palihug.
English: Please put the two soft drinks in one plastic container.

The example above is when you want to put two soft drinks in one plastic container because you might want to drink it all by yourself. And this tone would sound like a commanding tone.

Another Ex:
Bisaya: Pwede usahon ug selopin ang soft drinks?
English: Can you please put the two soft drinks in one plastic container?

This example uses Bisaya numbers but with the "-hon" at the end. Like duha-on, tulo-on, upaton, etc. these are used like a suggestion or a request to be done for you.

This time, I will share some conversations related to numbers.

Ian	Pila kabuok imong nauyab?	How many girlfriends did you have?
Ace	Duha raman. Ikaw?	Only two. How about you?
Ian	Wala pa gayod ko nakauyab.	I have not had a girlfriend.
Ace	Panguyab na dayon.	Then you should court.
Marie	Unsa orasa magsugod atong klase ugma?	What time will our class start tomorrow?
Love	Mga ala una man siguro.	Maybe at 1 o'clock.
Marie	Mangutana ta ug laing kauban nato sa klase.	Let's ask someone else from our class.
Love	Anaa ka bay kaila diri?	Do you have someone you know here?
Marie	Kanang ga lingkod, ikaduha gikan sa tu-o.	The one who is sitting, second to the left.
Dave	Pahulma ko ug kwarta palihug.	I'd like to borrow money please.
Kevin	Pila imong hulamon?	How much do you want to borrow?
Dave	Mga usa ka gatos lang, pamilete ba.	One hundred only, just for a fare.
Kevin	Sige. Anaa man koy sobra diri.	Okay. I have an extra here.
Dave	Salamat kaayo!	Thank you so much!
Mika	Unsa ka orasa ma uli?	What time will you be home?
Mike	Alas nuybe medya ko ma uli.	I will be home at 9:30.
Mika	Hapit naman ang oras, wala paman ka diri.	It's almost time but you aren't here yet.
Mike	Alas dyes nalang ko uli, traffic man gayod.	I will be home at 10:00 instead. It's too traffic.

Vocabulary:

na - already

sa - at, by, for, from, in, into, of, on, through, to

gabii - evening

karon - now

gatos - hundred

libo - thousand

ento(s) - hundred

mil - thousand

naa(y) - there is/are, is/are there

ka - quantifier

tawo - person/people

ani - this 

grupoha - group (English loan word)

gayod (y) - indeed, certainly, surely, quite

kini - this

tag - is a word used when answering the question, "tagpila" or how much

This will be for now. If you have any questions and suggestions, feel free to comment below.